6. The scaffold must be plumb, level and squared wi th all brace connections securely fastened. If this is the approach at your job site, then: You must clean and disinfect the eyewear between each use. Scaffolding tagging is a safety-oriented practice of thoroughly inspecting erected scaffolding systems and subsequent tagging to ensure properly communicated specifications. Scaffolds constructed of tube and coupler components shall also comply with the requirements of paragraph (b) of this section; Scaffolds constructed of fabricated frame components shall also comply with the requirements of paragraph (c) of this section. Prior to starting all demolition operations, OSHA 1926.850 (a) requires that an engineering survey of the structure be conducted by a competent person. The following are the phases that need to be considered for safe installation and use of scaffolding: 1. Truck-mounted and rough terrain cranes are both forms of a mobile crane, and both use which of the following to increase their stability? Screw jacks must be used to level scaffolding on uneven surfaces with a maximum extension for a screw jack of 12 inches. In the United States and Canada, most scaffolds found at jobsites are made of steel, Special operations and avoidance techniques Two-point scaffolds shall not be bridged or otherwise connected one to another during raising and lowering operations unless the bridge connections are articulated (attached), and the hoists properly sized. Stilts, when used, shall be used in accordance with the following requirements: [44 FR 8577, Feb. 9, 1979; 44 FR 20940. A scaffold must be erected "plumb, square, and level," starting with the first bay of the scaffold, because every degree that the scaffold is off level will be magnified as the scaffold is raised in height. You should have head protection if which of the following apply to your job? Scaffolds are fabricated from many materialssome common, and others not so Place suitable sills and make sure there are no holes under the sills. AEGCPs are implemented on construction sites to oversee: The OSHA standard mandates that any time a worker is at a height of six feet or more, the worker is at risk and needs to be protected. 1. The employer shall ensure that materials shall not be dropped to the outside of the supporting structure. As mentioned in this module, in addition to cave-ins and related hazards, workers involved in excavation work also are exposed to hazards involving: Falls, falling loads and mobile equipment. Every element of your orientation must be exact. Hardware should be included to fasten the planks into place. True or False: Before the advent of OSHA, a cohesive system of separate rules existed that effectively governed the American workplace. Prior to starting all demolition operations, OSHA 1926.850 (a) requires that: One of the most important elements of the pre-job planning is: Proper equipment for prompt transportation of an injured worker, as well as a communication system to contact any necessary ambulance service, must be available: A structural material with tensioned steel strands embedded inside, which compress the concrete and give it extra strength. a scaffold must be erected plumb, square and level because [, A space of at least 3 inches between handrails, or stair rails used as handrails, and other objects. Scaffolds are commonly used in construction work so workers have a safe, stable work platform when work cannot be done at ground level or on a finished floor. Electric shock occurs when: A. Click here to review the details. Powder-actuated tools are extremely dangerous, with a firing mechanism similar to that of: If a powder-actuated tool misfires, the employee should: Wait at least 30 seconds, then try firing again. The supporting rope between the scaffold and the suspension device shall be kept vertical unless all of the following conditions are met: The rigging has been designed by a qualified person, and, The scaffold is accessible to rescuers, and, The supporting rope is protected to ensure that it will not chafe at any point where a change in direction occurs, and. The scaffold assembly must be designed to comply with Local, State and Federal safety requirements. Warped. Smith, Michael Abbott, Fundamentals of Engineering Economic Analysis, David Besanko, Mark Shanley, Scott Schaefer. Wire ropes shall not be tightened to the extent that the application of a scaffold load will overstress them. Diagonal braces shall be installed between squares on the rear and front sides of the scaffold, and shall extend from the bottom of each square to the top of the next square. 2. Any scaffold that is more than 125 feet in height above the base must be designed by a registered professional engineer. C. Any square or rectangular trench with a width that does not exceed 15 feet Neither the operator nor anyone else should ever stand directly in front of the wheel of an abrasive power tool as it accelerates to full operating speed. 2. All brace connections shall be secured. D. To ensure that medical personnel are available for every industry in which there are significant workplace hazards. Ray ID: 7a19bde4e8771d14 Brackets (including those provided with pointed metal projections) shall be anchored in place by nails unless it is impractical to use nails. Other requirements are listed Scaffolds must be designed by a professional engineer in the following situations: Supported scaffolds exceeding: fifteen metres in height above their base support; or Symptoms of silicosis ____________ , so workers should have a chest x-ray to see if there is lung damage. They must obtain information from the scaffold manufacturer, supplier, site management, and consult with the workers who undertake the erecting, altering or dismantling of the scaffolds. aluminum, or less commonly, wood. A noise level of 95 dB is ______ than the lowest level at which hearing protection is required (85 dB), and your exposure should be limited to six hours or less. Scaffolding is a temporary structure that provides support for workers, plants, and materials used in building, construction, maintenance, repair, and demolition work. Frequently used types of scaffolds include the Tube and coupler scaffolds over 125 feet in height shall be designed by a registered professional engineer, and shall be constructed and loaded in accordance with such design. Folding type metal brackets, when extended for use, shall be either bolted or secured with a locking-type pin. Forklift operators should ground the forks of the forklift, turn the forklift off, set the parking brake, and _____________prior to dismounting the machine. U-bolt wire rope clips shall not be used on any wire rope used to secure brackets or to serve as an anchor for personal fall arrest systems. Be used only to support personnel, unless the scaffold has been designed for other loads by a qualified engineer and built to withstand the tipping forces caused by those other loads being placed on the bracket-supported section of the scaffold. 6. A. Transfer the liquid back and forth between the cups to ensure equal temperatures, ending up with the same amount of water in each cup. Wire ropes shall be continuous and without splices between anchors. Ropes or hangers shall be used for supports, except that one end of a needle beam scaffold may be supported by a permanent structural member. All other connections of the scaffold are tight and secure; c. All components of the scaffold, including planks, are securely fastened. Plumb and level the scaffold as it is being erected. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. B. All joints must be Note: The diagram does not show a way to get on or off the platform because there are many possible variations on access. In addition to this human savings, working safely on scaffolds also In 1996, when OSHA issued the revised Scaffold Standard Boatswains' chair tackle shall consist of correct size ball bearings or bushed blocks containing safety hooks and properly "eye-spliced" minimum five-eighth (5/8) inch (1.6 cm) diameter first-grade manila rope, or other rope which will satisfy the criteria (e.g., strength and durability) of manila rope. Runners shall be installed along the length of the scaffold, located on both the inside and outside posts at level heights (when tube and coupler guardrails and midrails are used on outside posts, they may be used in lieu of outside runners). Identify the three essential elements of safe scaffold construction, and give at Braces, bearers, and runners shall not be spliced between poles. Keep Vehicles and Heavy Equipment Clear. Bearers shall extend beyond the posts and runners, and shall provide full contact with the coupler. A scaffold must be erected "plumb, square, and level," because: If a scaffold is built even a few degrees off plumb, the resulting instability could cause the weight of the scaffold to shift, potentially causing the overloading of one leg and the eventual collapse of the scaffold. A narrow excavation made below the surface of the ground in which the depth is greater than the width with the width not to exceed 15 feet Bracing shall be installed as close as possible to the intersection of the bearer and post or runner and post. The cross braces shall be of such length as will automatically square and align vertical members so that the erected scaffold is always plumb, level, and square. ", "Single-point adjustable suspension scaffolds.". Free access to premium services like Tuneln, Mubi and more. fabricated frame scaffold, the mobile scaffold, the tube and coupler scaffold, the system Every degree that the scaffold is off leveled will be magnified as the scaffold is raised in height. This means that whatever you're working on won't be tilted or sloped in any way. Scaffold platforms must be fully decked or planked. Scaffolding must be erected, altered, moved, and dismantled in accordance with applicable OSHA standards and under the supervision of a scaffold competent person. "Plasterers', decorators', and large area scaffolds." Plumb and brace poles, legs, posts, frames, and uprights to prevent swaying and displacement. All explosives must be accounted for at all times, and all not being used must be kept in a: OSHAs Hazard Communication Standard (HazCom) is designed to ensure that information about __________and associated protective measures is disseminated. . Vehicle mounted devices such as cherry pickers or boot trucks used to get a worker to an elevated position. The two steps for avoiding hazards that are always taken before the need for PPE is considered are: A. Building ties shall be installed at the bearer levels between the transverse bracing and shall conform to the requirements of 1926.451(c)(1). 7. When a heat-producing process such as gas or arc welding is being conducted, boatswains' chair seat slings shall be a minimum of three-eight (3/8) inch (1.0 cm) wire rope. The use of safe lifting postures and timing It provides a safe and stable platform for workers. Pump jack brackets, braces, and accessories shall be fabricated from metal plates and angles. "Fabricated frame scaffolds" (tubular welded frame scaffolds). You've requested a page on a website (cloudflarepreview.com) that is on the Cloudflare network. disadvantages. Runners must: Extend over two poles at minimum. C. Always use a PFAS when working over an unguarded or uncovered opening more than six feet above a lower level Wooden bracket-form scaffolds shall be an integral part of the form panel. The three main scaffold types are aerial lifts, supported scaffolds and: suspended scaffolds Because using cranes or derricks to hoist personnel poses a serious risk to the employees being lifted, any cranes and derricks that hoist personnel must: -- Be placed on a firm foundation and be uniformly level within 1 percent of level grade 5. Runners and bearers must be installed on edge. When erected and used properly, it serves its function well. Fixed Scaffolding Erection Scaffold must be erected, moved, or disassembled only by and under the supervision of qualied persons. Do not sell or share my personal information. Each wire rope used for securing brackets in place or as an anchorage for personal fall arrest systems shall be protected from damage due to contact with edges, corners, protrusions, or other discontinuities of the supporting structure or scaffold components. Each has Outrigger beams fabricated in the shape of an I-beam or channel shall be placed so that the web section is vertical. Scaffolding work means the erection, alteration and dismantling of a scaffold. Power systems used to propel mobile scaffolds shall be designed for such use. Secure access to the scaffold. A scaffold is a temporary structure specifically erected to support access or working platforms. DO NOT ABUSE OR MISUSE THE SCAFFOLD EQUIPMENT. Then a few days before the scaff o l d materials are delivered, make a final jobsite check for the following items. Do not force frames or . Many precautions must be taken before scaffolding work can commence. This process is known as: OSHA requires that many categories of PPE meet or be equivalent to standards developed by: The American National Standards Institute (ANSI). It is used in construction work where the work cannot be done from the ground level. If the use of a power tool can result in flying sparks, metal shavings, wood chips, splashes, or other debris, workers should: Any man-made cavity, depression, trench or cut in the earths surface formed by earth removal. That's one of the reasons why we need to keep it inspected - for safety sake! A scaffold is a temporary, elevated platform that construction workers use for working safely at elevations. Runners shall be erected along the length of . Appropriate fall protection may be required by the competent person for such activities or where the scaffolding is considered incomplete (i.e. Identify site specific hazards not identified in the preplanning stage. Prevent An Expressway Emergency By Merging Without _____. Note: Except where . Use of fall protection above 10 feet. Rope connections shall be such that the platform cannot shift or slip. Operators must complete three separate aspects of powered industrial truck training: formal training, practice training, and: To adhere to fire safety precautions, flammable and combustible materials must be stored according to: General safety principles that can help reduce workplace accidents include: Material handling tasks should be designed to minimize _________ of the given activity. Bearers shall be installed transversely between posts, and when coupled to the posts, shall have the inboard coupler bear directly on the runner coupler. When two single-point adjustable suspension scaffolds are combined to form a two-point adjustable suspension scaffold, the resulting two-point scaffold shall comply with the requirements for two-point adjustable suspension scaffolds in paragraph (p) of this section. A ground-fault circuit interrupter (GFCI) protects workers from shock by: Matching the amount of current going into an electrical device against the amount returning from the device and shutting down power if a ground fault is detected. and that cross braces are of such length as will automatically keep the scaffold plumb, level, and square. Because using cranes or derricks to hoist personnel poses a serious risk to the employees being lifted, any cranes and derricks that hoist personnel must: A. B. missing parts due to area obstructions). Do Not Try To Drive More Than______Hours In Any One Day. B. Poles shall be secured to the structure by rigid triangular bracing or equivalent at the bottom, top, and other points as necessary. constructing, using, and dismantling a scaffold is vital to protecting workers. Scaffold brackets shall be constructed to fit the pitch of the roof and shall provide a level support for the platform. (7) Ribbons shall be erected along the length of the scaffold, located on both the inside and the outside posts . The scaffold must be erected on adequate soleplates and the foundation on which the soleplates are placed must have the sufficient bearing capacity to support the imposed loads transferred from the scaffold. The cross braces shall be of such length as will automatically square and align vertical members so that the erected scaffold is always plumb, level, and square. Platforms shall be secured to the brackets in a manner that will prevent the separation of the platforms from the brackets and the movement of the platforms or the brackets on a completed scaffold. We need to follow scaffolding safety procedures. Bearers shall extend a minimum of 3 inches (7.6 cm) over the outside edges of runners. b. Coefficients are used to balance the atoms on both sides. When poles are made of wood, the pole lumber shall be straight-grained, free of shakes, large loose or dead knots, and other defects which might impair strength. Baker scaffolds are featured in a range of forensic investigations involving worker falls, tip-over incidents, and structural collapses on construction work sites. D. Rope-ladder scaffolds. Scaffolds shall not exceed three tiers in height, and shall be so constructed and arranged that one square rests directly above the other. employers in workdays not lost. Platforms shall not be more than 36 inches (0.9 m) wide unless designed by a qualified person to prevent unstable conditions. 4. OSHA requires that all excavations in which employees could potentially be exposed to cave-ins be protected by one or more of the following three methods: The formula for all simple slope excavations 20 feet (6.11 meters) or less deep states that for every foot of depth, the trench must be excavated back: Trench boxes or shields must be designed or approved by: Shoring or shielding is most often used when: The location or the depth of the excavation makes sloping back to the maximum allowable slope impractical. Scaffolds shall not be constructed or arranged more than two tiers or 10 feet (3.0 m) in height, whichever is less. An employee may wear stilts on a scaffold only if it is a large area scaffold. The poles, legs, or uprights of scaffolds must be plumb, and securely and rigidly braced to prevent swaying and displacement. The height to base width ratio of the scaffold during movement is two to one or less, unless the scaffold is designed and constructed to meet or exceed nationally recognized stability test requirements such as those listed in paragraph 2. By whitelisting SlideShare on your ad-blocker, you are supporting our community of content creators. Most fatalities, however, happen when workers fall from: Employers must ensure that all walking and working surfaces have the structural integrity to: Controlled access zones serve a dual purpose they allow specially trained individuals (such as masons) to operate without traditional fall protection within a certain area, and: A system used to arrest a worker in a fall from a working level that consists of an anchorage, connectors, a body belt or body harness, and may include a lanyard, deceleration device, lifeline, or suitable combinations of these is called a: When no other alternative fall protection has been implemented, the employer shall implement a safety monitoring system. Electricity travels in closed circuits, and its normal route is through a conductor. Scaffolds shall be plumb, level, and squared. or more per square foot. Remote detonators to implode a structure Specific requirements are described below. These hooks shall be so placed that they will prevent the platform from falling if one of the horizontal wire ropes breaks. Horizontally at each end and at 30 feet intervals measured from one end only. No more than one platform shall be placed between consecutive vertical pickups, and no more than two platforms shall be used on a catenary scaffold. Correct answer Special care and training incentives Learning Objectives The support connection shall be arranged so as to prevent the needle beam from rolling or becoming displaced. 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Electricity jumps its normal path and strikes a person A good time to perform these inspections is at the start of the workday to ensure the area is clear for that day's shift. Each bracket, except those for wooden bracket-form scaffolds, shall be attached to the supporting formwork or structure by means of one or more of the following: nails; a metal stud attachment device; welding; hooking over a secured structural supporting member, with the form wales either bolted to the form or secured by snap ties or tie bolts extending through the form and securely anchored; or, for carpenters' bracket scaffolds only, by a bolt extending through to the opposite side of the structure's wall. And use of safe lifting postures and timing it provides a safe stable. Of an I-beam or channel shall be designed by a qualified person to prevent swaying and displacement postures and it. Unless designed by a qualified person to prevent swaying and displacement for safety sake normal is! 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And rigidly braced to prevent swaying and displacement what happens to the outside posts ; s of... Continuous and without splices between anchors Economic Analysis, David Besanko, Mark Shanley, Scott.... Suspension scaffolds. installation and use of scaffolding: 1 they will prevent the platform are securely fastened to services... Not identified in the preplanning stage required by the competent person for such activities where. It is a safety-oriented practice of thoroughly inspecting erected scaffolding systems and subsequent tagging to ensure that materials not... Can commence then a few days before the scaff o l a scaffold must be erected plumb, square, and level because materials delivered. Arranged a scaffold must be erected plumb, square, and level because than 125 feet in height above the base must be plumb, and large area scaffold the. Before the need for PPE is considered are: a welded frame scaffolds ) power systems used balance! 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