array (Remember, the goal is to find three keys.). As shown in the above screenshot, we got the default apache page when we tried to access the IP address on the browser. So, it is very important to conduct the full port scan during the Pentest or solve the CTF. Then, we used the credentials to login on to the web portal, which worked, and the login was successful. 16. we have to use shell script which can be used to break out from restricted environments by spawning . The techniques used are solely for educational purposes, and I am not responsible if the listed techniques are used against any other targets. Robot. We identified a few files and directories with the help of the scan. However, it requires the passphrase to log in. Matrix-Breakout: 2 Morpheus vulnhub.com Matrix-Breakout: 2 Morpheus Matrix-Breakout: 2 Morpheus, made by Jay Beale. We will be using 192.168.1.23 as the attackers IP address. 11. 22. First, we need to identify the IP of this machine. Opening web page as port 80 is open. So, it is very important to conduct the full port scan during the Pentest or solve the CTF. The l comment can be seen below. This vulnerable lab can be downloaded from here. import os. We need to figure out the type of encoding to view the actual SSH key. By default, Nmap conducts the scan only on known 1024 ports. Now that we know the IP, lets start with enumeration. We needed to copy-paste the encoded string as input, and the tool processed the string to decode the message. In the picture above we can see the open ports(22, 80, 5000, 8081, 9001) and services which are running on them. We analyzed the output, and during this process, we noticed a username which can be seen in the below screenshot. In this case, we navigated to /var/www and found a notes.txt. Now at this point, we have a username and a dictionary file. The torrent downloadable URL is also available for this VM; it has been added in the reference section of this article. "Writeup - Breakout - HackMyVM - Walkthrough" . The comment left by a user names L contains some hidden message which is given below for your reference . Navigating to eezeepz user directory, we can another notes.txt and its content are listed below. There are numerous tools available for web application enumeration. Until now, we have enumerated the SSH key by using the fuzzing technique. Running it under admin reveals the wrong user type. When we checked the robots.txt file, another directory was mentioned, which can be seen in the above screenshot. So, let us open the URL into the browser, which can be seen below. I am using Kali Linux as an attacker machine for solving this CTF. This VM has three keys hidden in different locations. This contains information related to the networking state of the machine*. Running sudo -l reveals that file in /var/fristigod/.secret_admin_stuff/doCom can be run as ALL under user fristi. Per this message, we can run the stated binaries by placing the file runthis in /tmp. Prerequisites would be knowledge of Linux commands and the ability to run some basic pentesting tools. We have identified an SSH private key that can be used for SSH login on the target machine. Command used: << dirb http://192.168.1.15/ >>. We have to boot to it's root and get flag in order to complete the challenge. << ffuf -u http://192.168.1.15/~FUZZ -w /usr/share/wordlists/dirbuster/directory-list-2.3-small.txt -e .php,.txt >>. Our target machine IP address that we will be working on throughout this challenge is 192.168.1.11 (the target machine IP address). We have WordPress admin access, so let us explore the features to find any vulnerable use case. Your email address will not be published. Usermin is a web-based interface used to remotely manage and perform various tasks on a Linux server. You can find out more about the cookies used by clicking this, https://download.vulnhub.com/empire/02-Breakout.zip. Below we can see netdiscover in action. Trying with username eezeepz and password discovered above, I was able to login and was then redirected to an image upload directory. sql injection Download the Fristileaks VM from the above link and provision it as a VM. The second step is to run a port scan to identify the open ports and services on the target machine. 20. In, EMPIRE: LUPINONE VulnHub CTF Walkthrough, Part 1, THE PLANETS EARTH: CTF walkthrough, part 1, FINDING MY FRIEND 1 VulnHub CTF Walkthrough Part 2, FINDING MY FRIEND: 1 VulnHub CTF Walkthrough Part 1, EMPIRE: LUPINONE VulnHub CTF Walkthrough, Part 2, HOGWARTS: BELLATRIX VulnHub CTF walkthrough, CORROSION: 1 VulnHub CTF Walkthrough Part 2, CORROSION: 1 Vulnhub CTF walkthrough, part 1, MONEY HEIST: 1.0.1 VulnHub CTF walkthrough, DOUBLETROUBLE 1 VulnHub CTF walkthrough, part 3, DOUBLETROUBLE 1 VulnHub CTF walkthrough, part 2, DOUBLETROUBLE 1 Vulnhub CTF Walkthrough Part 1, DIGITALWORLD.LOCAL: FALL Vulnhub CTF walkthrough, HACKER KID 1.0.1: VulnHub CTF walkthrough part 2, HACKER KID 1.0.1 VulnHub CTF Walkthrough Part 1, FUNBOX UNDER CONSTRUCTION: VulnHub CTF Walkthrough, Hackable ||| VulnHub CTF Walkthrough Part 1, FUNBOX: SCRIPTKIDDIE VulnHub capture the flag walkthrough, NASEF1: LOCATING TARGET VulnHub CTF Walkthrough, HACKSUDO: PROXIMACENTAURI VulnHub CTF Walkthrough, Part 2, THE PLANETS: MERCURY VulnHub CTF Walkthrough, HACKSUDO: PROXIMACENTAURI VulnHub CTF Walkthrough, Part 1, VULNCMS: 1 VulnHub CTF walkthrough part 2, VULNCMS: 1 VulnHub CTF Walkthrough, Part 1, HACKSUDO: 1.1 VulnHub CTF walkthrough part 1, Clover 1: VulnHub CTF walkthrough, part 2, Capture the flag: A walkthrough of SunCSRs Seppuku, Colddworld immersion: VulnHub CTF walkthrough. We changed the URL after adding the ~secret directory in the above scan command. limit the amount of simultaneous direct download files to two files, with a max speed of 3mb. Therefore, were running the above file as fristi with the cracked password. We ran the id command to check the user information. Nmap also suggested that port 80 is also opened. The message states an interesting file, notes.txt, available on the target machine. Firstly, we have to identify the IP address of the target machine. Let us try to decrypt the string by using an online decryption tool. We decided to enumerate the system for known usernames. At first, we tried our luck with the SSH Login, which could not work. I still plan on making a ton of posts but let me know if these VulnHub write-ups get repetitive. This means that we do not need a password to root. This completes the challenge! It will be visible on the login screen. sudo netdiscover -r 192.168.19./24 Ping scan results Scan open ports Next, we have to scan open ports on the target machine. Please remember that the techniques used are solely for educational purposes: I am not responsible if the listed techniques are used against any other targets. Other than that, let me know if you have any ideas for what else I should stream! So, we will have to do some more fuzzing to identify the SSH key. Testing the password for fristigod with LetThereBeFristi! After a few attempts, the username Kira worked on the login page, and the password was also easily guessed from the hint messages we had read earlier. frontend It was in robots directory. It is another vulnerable lab presented by vulnhub for helping pentester's to perform penetration testing according to their experience level. After that, we used the file command to check the content type. Vulnhub HackMePlease Walkthrough linux Vulnhub HackMePlease Walkthrough In this, you will learn how to get an initial foothold through the web application and exploit sudo to get the privileged shell Gurkirat Singh Aug 18, 2021 4 min read Reconnaissance Initial Foothold Privilege Escalation hackthebox Description: A small VM made for a Dutch informal hacker meetup called Fristileaks. This is the second in the Matrix-Breakout series, subtitled Morpheus:1. Using Elliots information, we log into the site, and we see that Elliot is an administrator. So, we identified a clear-text password by enumerating the HTTP port 80. Foothold fping fping -aqg 10.0.2.0/24 nmap We can do this by compressing the files and extracting them to read. os.system . THE PLANETS EARTH: CTF walkthrough, part 1, FINDING MY FRIEND 1 VulnHub CTF Walkthrough Part 2, FINDING MY FRIEND: 1 VulnHub CTF Walkthrough Part 1, EMPIRE: LUPINONE VulnHub CTF Walkthrough, Part 2, EMPIRE: LUPINONE VulnHub CTF Walkthrough, Part 1, HOGWARTS: BELLATRIX VulnHub CTF walkthrough, CORROSION: 1 VulnHub CTF Walkthrough Part 2, CORROSION: 1 Vulnhub CTF walkthrough, part 1, MONEY HEIST: 1.0.1 VulnHub CTF walkthrough, DOUBLETROUBLE 1 VulnHub CTF walkthrough, part 3, DOUBLETROUBLE 1 VulnHub CTF walkthrough, part 2, DOUBLETROUBLE 1 Vulnhub CTF Walkthrough Part 1, DIGITALWORLD.LOCAL: FALL Vulnhub CTF walkthrough, HACKER KID 1.0.1: VulnHub CTF walkthrough part 2, HACKER KID 1.0.1 VulnHub CTF Walkthrough Part 1, FUNBOX UNDER CONSTRUCTION: VulnHub CTF Walkthrough, Hackable ||| VulnHub CTF Walkthrough Part 1, FUNBOX: SCRIPTKIDDIE VulnHub capture the flag walkthrough, NASEF1: LOCATING TARGET VulnHub CTF Walkthrough, HACKSUDO: PROXIMACENTAURI VulnHub CTF Walkthrough, Part 2, THE PLANETS: MERCURY VulnHub CTF Walkthrough, HACKSUDO: PROXIMACENTAURI VulnHub CTF Walkthrough, Part 1, VULNCMS: 1 VulnHub CTF walkthrough part 2, VULNCMS: 1 VulnHub CTF Walkthrough, Part 1, HACKSUDO: 1.1 VulnHub CTF walkthrough part 1, Clover 1: VulnHub CTF walkthrough, part 2, Capture the flag: A walkthrough of SunCSRs Seppuku, Colddworld immersion: VulnHub CTF walkthrough. Please try to understand each step and take notes. My goal in sharing this writeup is to show you the way if you are in trouble. The file was also mentioned in the hint message on the target machine. So, we did a quick search on Google and found an online tool that can be used to decode the message using the brainfuck algorithm. 14. Name: Empire: Breakout Date release: 21 Oct 2021 Author: icex64 & Empire Cybersecurity Series: Empire Download Back to the Top Please remember that VulnHub is a free community resource so we are unable to check the machines that are provided to us. In this article, we will solve a capture the flag challenge ported on the Vulnhub platform by an author named HWKDS. The results can be seen below: Command used: << nmap 192.168.1.11 -p- -sV >>. By default, Nmap conducts the scan on only known 1024 ports. However, the scan could not provide any CMC-related vulnerabilities. Let us get started with the challenge. The techniques used are solely for educational purposes, and I am not responsible if the listed techniques are used against any other targets. Askiw Theme by Seos Themes. It is categorized as Easy level of difficulty. The techniques used are solely for educational purposes, and I am not responsible if the listed techniques are used against any other targets. The content of both the files whoisyourgodnow.txt and cryptedpass.txt are as below. api hackmyvm The ping response confirmed that this is the target machine IP address. So, we decided to enumerate the target application for hidden files and folders. Difficulty: Intermediate Below we can see netdiscover in action. In the command, we entered the special character ~ and after that used the fuzzing parameter, which should help us identify any directories or filenames starting with this character. We found another hint in the robots.txt file. 1. [CLICK IMAGES TO ENLARGE]. This is Breakout from Vulnhub. When we look at port 20000, it redirects us to the admin panel with a link. Defeat all targets in the area. So, let us open the file on the browser. The next step is to scan the target machine using the Nmap tool. Sticking to the goal and following the same pattern of key files, we ran a quick check across the file system with command like find / -name key-2-of-3.txt. As we noticed from the robots.txt file, there is also a file called fsocity.dic, which looks to be a dictionary file. This mentions the name of this release, when it was released, who made it, a link to 'series' and a link to the homepage of the release. EMPIRE: BREAKOUT Vulnhub Walkthrough In English - Pentest Diaries Home Contact Pentest Diaries Security Alive Previous Next Leave a Reply Your email address will not be published. So, let us download the file on our attacker machine for analysis. Replicating the contents of cryptedpass.txt to local machine and reversing the usage of ROT13 and base64 decodes the results in below plain text. Now, we can read the file as user cyber; this is shown in the following screenshot. We do not understand the hint message. Command used: << wget http://192.168.1.15/~secret/.mysecret.txt >>. Welcome to the write-up of the new machine Breakout by icex64 from the HackMyVM platform. The torrent downloadable URL is also available for this VM; it has been added in the reference section of this article. Meant to be broken in a few hours without requiring debuggers, reverse engineering, and so on. https://download.vulnhub.com/empire/01-Empire-Lupin-One.zip. Locate the AIM facility by following the objective marker. In this walkthrough I am going to go over the steps I followed to get the flags on this CTF. After getting the target machines IP address, the next step is to find out the open ports and services available on the machine. VulnHub Sunset Decoy Walkthrough - Conclusion. Prerequisites would be knowledge of Linux commands and the ability to run some basic pentesting tools. In the next step, we used the WPScan utility for this purpose. We assume that the goal of the capture the flag (CTF) is to gain root access to the target machine. So, in the next step, we will start the CTF with Port 80. Lastly, I logged into the root shell using the password. file permissions The target machine IP address is 192.168.1.60, and I will be using 192.168.1.29 as the attackers IP address. The online tool is given below. We copy-pasted the string to recognize the encryption type and, after that, click on analyze. We used the find command to check for weak binaries; the commands output can be seen below. Doubletrouble 1 walkthrough from vulnhub. And below is the flag of fristileaks_secrets.txt captured, which showed our victory. It is a default tool in kali Linux designed for brute-forcing Web Applications. The netbios-ssn service utilizes port numbers 139 and 445. programming Similarly, we can see SMB protocol open. In this article, we will solve a capture the flag challenge ported on the Vulnhub platform by an author named. When we opened the file on the browser, it seemed to be some encoded message. As seen in the output above, the command could not be run as user l does not have sudo permissions on the target machine. Lets start with enumeration. I am using Kali Linux as an attacker machine for solving this CTF. driftingblues We created two files on our attacker machine. Walkthrough Download the Fristileaks VM from the above link and provision it as a VM. We have to boot to it's root and get flag in order to complete the challenge. Anyway, I have tested this machine on VirtualBox and it sometimes loses the network connection. Instead, if you want to search the whole filesystem for the binaries having capabilities, you can do it recursively. sudo abuse A large output has been generated by the tool. So, we ran the WPScan tool on the target application to identify known vulnerabilities. Then, we used John the ripper for cracking the password, but we were not able to crack the password of any user. This was my first VM by whitecr0wz, and it was a fun one. The identified open ports can also be seen in the screenshot given below: Command used: << nmap 192.168.1.60 -sV -p- >>. Obviously, ls -al lists the permission. we used -sV option for version enumeration and -p-for full port scan, which means we are telling Nmap to conduct the scan in all 65535 ports. "Vikings - Writeup - Vulnhub - Walkthrough" Link to the machine: https://www.vulnhub.com/entry/vikings-1,741/ I am using Kali Linux as an attacker machine for solving this CTF. I prefer to use the Nmap tool for port scanning, as it works effectively and is available on Kali Linux by default. We used the ping command to check whether the IP was active. Today we will take a look at Vulnhub: Breakout. . This is an apache HTTP server project default website running through the identified folder. After that, we tried to log in through SSH. As can be seen in the above screenshot, our attacker machine successfully captured the reverse shell after some time. . 17. Also, its always better to spawn a reverse shell. Since we cannot traverse the admin directory, lets change the permission using chmod in /home/admin like echo /home/admin/chmod -R 777 /home/admin.. The same was verified using the cat command, and the commands output shows that the mentioned host has been added. The Usermin application admin dashboard can be seen in the below screenshot. In the next step, we will be using automated tools for this very purpose. Robot [updated 2019], VulnHub Machines Walkthrough Series: Brainpan Part 1, VulnHub Machines Walkthrough Series: Brainpan Part 2, VulnHub Machines Walkthrough Series: VulnOSV2, THE PLANETS EARTH: CTF walkthrough, part 1, FINDING MY FRIEND 1 VulnHub CTF Walkthrough Part 2, FINDING MY FRIEND: 1 VulnHub CTF Walkthrough Part 1, EMPIRE: LUPINONE VulnHub CTF Walkthrough, Part 2, EMPIRE: LUPINONE VulnHub CTF Walkthrough, Part 1, HOGWARTS: BELLATRIX VulnHub CTF walkthrough, CORROSION: 1 VulnHub CTF Walkthrough Part 2, CORROSION: 1 Vulnhub CTF walkthrough, part 1, MONEY HEIST: 1.0.1 VulnHub CTF walkthrough, DOUBLETROUBLE 1 VulnHub CTF walkthrough, part 3, DOUBLETROUBLE 1 VulnHub CTF walkthrough, part 2, DOUBLETROUBLE 1 Vulnhub CTF Walkthrough Part 1, DIGITALWORLD.LOCAL: FALL Vulnhub CTF walkthrough, HACKER KID 1.0.1: VulnHub CTF walkthrough part 2, HACKER KID 1.0.1 VulnHub CTF Walkthrough Part 1, FUNBOX UNDER CONSTRUCTION: VulnHub CTF Walkthrough, Hackable ||| VulnHub CTF Walkthrough Part 1, FUNBOX: SCRIPTKIDDIE VulnHub capture the flag walkthrough, NASEF1: LOCATING TARGET VulnHub CTF Walkthrough, HACKSUDO: PROXIMACENTAURI VulnHub CTF Walkthrough, Part 2, THE PLANETS: MERCURY VulnHub CTF Walkthrough, HACKSUDO: PROXIMACENTAURI VulnHub CTF Walkthrough, Part 1, VULNCMS: 1 VulnHub CTF walkthrough part 2, VULNCMS: 1 VulnHub CTF Walkthrough, Part 1, HACKSUDO: 1.1 VulnHub CTF walkthrough part 1, Clover 1: VulnHub CTF walkthrough, part 2, Capture the flag: A walkthrough of SunCSRs Seppuku. The password was stored in clear-text form. passwordjohnroot. The identified username and password are given below for reference: Let us try the details to login into the target machine through SSH. I simply copy the public key from my .ssh/ directory to authorized_keys. The target machine's IP address can be seen in the following screenshot. "Deathnote - Writeup - Vulnhub . As we know, the SSH default port is open on the target machine, so let us try to log in through the SSH port. Testing the password for admin with thisisalsopw123, and it worked. There was a login page available for the Usermin admin panel. Also, it has been given that the FastTrack dictionary can be used to crack the password of the SSH key. So, two types of services are available to be enumerated on the target machine. Soon we found some useful information in one of the directories. Command used: << hydra -L user -P pass 192.168.1.16 ssh >>. linux basics If we look at the bottom of the pages source code, we see a text encrypted by the brainfuck algorithm. It can be seen in the following screenshot. The root flag can be seen in the above screenshot. Robot VM from the above link and provision it as a VM. So, we collected useful information from all the hint messages given on the target application to login into the admin panel. In the above screenshot, we can see that we used the echo command to append the host into the etc/hosts file. Until then, I encourage you to try to finish this CTF! Our goal is to capture user and root flags. Command used: << wpscan url http://deathnote.vuln/wordpress/ >>. By default, Nmap conducts the scan only known 1024 ports. In CTF challenges, whenever I see a copy of a binary, I check its capabilities and SUID permission. We have completed the exploitation part in the CTF; now, let us read the root flag and finish the challenge. It can be used for finding resources not linked directories, servlets, scripts, etc. Please note: I have used Oracle Virtual Box to run the downloaded machine for all of these machines. Thus obtained, the clear-text password is given below for your reference: We enumerated the web application to discover other vulnerabilities or hints, but nothing else was there. Below we can see that port 80 and robots.txt are displayed. After getting the version information of the installed operating system and kernel, we searched the web for an available exploit, but none could be found. So, in the next step, we will start solving the CTF with Port 80. So, we clicked on the hint and found the below message. The identified directory could not be opened on the browser. I simply copy the public key from my .ssh/ directory to authorized_keys. sudo nmap -v -T4 -A -p- -oN nmap.log 192.168.19.130 Nmap scan result Here, we dont have an SSH port open. We will be using. Infosec, part of Cengage Group 2023 Infosec Institute, Inc. It is especially important to conduct a full port scan during the Pentest or solve the CTF for maximum results. On browsing I got to know that the machine is hosting various webpages . This, however, confirms that the apache service is running on the target machine. VM running on 192.168.2.4. We analyzed the encoded string and did some research to find the encoding with the help of the characters used in the string. We confirm the same on the wp-admin page by picking the username Elliot and entering the wrong password. You play Trinity, trying to investigate a computer on the Nebuchadnezzar that Cypher has locked everyone else out from, which holds the key to a mystery. I looked into Robots directory but could not find any hints to the third key, so its time to escalate to root. 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